Factores predictores de diabetes mellitus posparto en pacientes con diabetes gestacional / Predictors of postpartum diabetes mellitus in patients with gestational diabetes

Introducción: La diabetes gestacional (DG) está relacionada con el desarrollo de la diabetes mellitus (DM) tras el parto. Los predictores en esta asociación aún no están bien definidos. El objetivo de nuestro trabajo es estudiar los factores predictores de disglucosis en el posparto en una muestra de pacientes con DG. Material y métodos: Un total de 1.765 mujeres con DG fueron estudiadas. Variables analizadas: datos antropométricos y antecedentes maternos. Glucemia en sobrecarga de glucosa (SOG) con 100g (basal: 1, 2 y 3h) y HbA1c. Uso de insulina en la gestación. La SOG con 75g y HbA1c a los 3 meses tras el parto. Resultados: Prevalencia DM posparto: 2,1%. Entre estas pacientes hubo mayor porcentaje de pacientes con antecedentes de DG (25,9 vs. 12,9%; p<0,05), obesidad pregestacional (20,8 vs. 14,9%; p<0,05) y uso de insulina durante el embarazo (79,2 vs. 20%; p<0,01). En la SOG con 100g, el número de puntos patológicos fue mayor (3,18±0,69 en DM vs. 2,3±0,28 normal, 2,6±0,47 GBA, 2,5±0,32 IHC; p<0,001). En la SOG con 100g, el nivel de glucemia por encima del cual es más probable el diagnístico de DM posparto es 189mg/dl en la determinación a las 2h (S: 86,2%; E: 72%). Un nivel de HbA1c>5,9% durante la gestación tiene una especificidad del 95,9% para el diagnóstico de DM posparto en nuestra muestra. Conclusión: Evidenciamos factores asociados al diagnóstico de DM posparto entre los que se encuentran determinaciones cuantitativas como la glucemia a las 2h de la SOG con 100g y la HbA1c durante la gestación en pacientes con DG

Introduction: Gestational diabetes (GD) is related to development of diabetes mellitus (DM) after delivery. The predictive factors in this association are not yet well defined. Objetive: to study the predictive factors of dysglucosis in the postpartum period in a sample of patients with GD. Material and methods: A total of 1765 women with DG were studied. Variables analyzed: anthropometric data and maternal history. Glycemia in OGTT with 100g (basal: 1, 2 and 3h) and HbA1c. Use of insulin in pregnancy. The OGTT with 75g and HbA1c at 3 months after delivery. Results: Postpartum DM prevalence 2.1%. Among these patients, there was a higher percentage of patients with a history of GD (25.9 vs. 12.9%; P<.05), pre-pregnancy obesity (20.8 vs. 14.9%; P<.05) and insulin use during pregnancy (79.2 vs. 20%; P<.01). In the OGTT with 100g, the number of pathological points was higher (3.18±0.69 in DM vs. 2.3±0.28 normal, 2.6±0.47 IFG, 2.5±0.32 IGT; P<.001). In the OGTT 100g, the blood glucose level above which the diagnosis of postpartum DM is most likely is 189mg/dl in the 2h determination (S: 86.2%, E: 72%). A level of HbA1c>5.9% during pregnancy has a specificity of 95.9% for the diagnosis of postpartum DM in our sample. Conclusion: We show factors associated with the diagnosis of postpartum DM, among which are quantitative determinations such as glycemia at 2h of the OGTT with 100g and HbA1c during pregnancy in patients with DG

Predictors of postpartum diabetes mellitus in patients with gestational diabetes. / Factores predictores de diabetes mellitus posparto en pacientes con diabetes gestacional.

INTRODUCTION: Gestational diabetes (GD) is related to development of diabetes mellitus (DM) after delivery. The predictive factors in this association are not yet well defined. Objetive: to study the predictive factors of dysglucosis in the postpartum period in a sample of patients with GD. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A total of 1765 women with DG were studied. Variables analyzed: anthropometric data and maternal history. Glycemia in OGTT with 100g (basal: 1, 2 and 3h) and HbA1c. Use of insulin in pregnancy. The OGTT with 75g and HbA1c at 3 months after delivery. RESULTS: Postpartum DM prevalence 2.1%. Among these patients, there was a higher percentage of patients with a history of GD (25.9 vs. 12.9%; P<.05), pre-pregnancy obesity (20.8 vs. 14.9%; P<.05) and insulin use during pregnancy (79.2 vs. 20%; P<.01). In the OGTT with 100g, the number of pathological points was higher (3.18±0.69 in DM vs. 2.3±0.28 normal, 2.6±0.47 IFG, 2.5±0.32 IGT; P<.001). In the OGTT 100g, the blood glucose level above which the diagnosis of postpartum DM is most likely is 189mg/dl in the 2h determination (S: 86.2%, E: 72%). A level of HbA1c>5.9% during pregnancy has a specificity of 95.9% for the diagnosis of postpartum DM in our sample. CONCLUSION: We show factors associated with the diagnosis of postpartum DM, among which are quantitative determinations such as glycemia at 2h of the OGTT with 100g and HbA1c during pregnancy in patients with DG.